The Principle and Composition of High-speed Refrigerated Centrifuge

When a substance is precipitated in a medium, it is accompanied by a diffusion phenomenon. The smaller the particle of the substance, the larger the diffusion range; and the surface that settles is subject to the action of external force, which is conditional. Because some particles are too small to see the process of sedimentation, there is a high-speed refrigerated centrifuge.


Ⅰ. The principle of high-speed refrigerated centrifuge


The high-speed refrigerated centrifuge uses the powerful centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the centrifuge rotor to accelerate the sedimentation speed of the particles in the liquid, and separate the substances with different sedimentation coefficients and buoyancy densities in the sample.


The high-speed refrigerated centrifuge mainly extracts the required components from the liquid mixture. According to the density of each substance, after high-speed rotation, the liquid with high density sinks in the bottom layer, and the liquid with low density floats on the top, so that the liquid is layered , to extract the pure substance I need. It is used in many fields such as medicine and chemical industry.


Ⅱ. The composition of high-speed refrigerated centrifuge


1. Shell: The shell part of the high-speed refrigerated centrifuge is composed of front and rear panels, left and right panels and upper panels, bottom plates and four casters. The outer surface of the machine is sprayed with dark gray enamel, the rear panel, left and right panels are removable, the upper panel surface is equipped with a centrifugal chamber cover, and the rear of the cover is provided with a control box and a display panel. The panel is equipped with various control switches and buttons, display and adjustment instruments. The start button is used to control the start of the power supply and each selection part; the time control button cooperates with the time control clock to preset and control the working time of the centrifuge; when the brake button is pressed, it will accelerate and stop; the freeze button is used to control The start and stop of the refrigerator; in addition to the function buttons, there are also the speed display table and the temperature adjustment indicator.


2. Centrifugal chamber: The centrifugal chamber (rotor chamber) of the high-speed refrigerated centrifuge is a cylindrical cavity with a rotor that can hold 6 test tubes. The inner wall of the centrifuge is made of stainless steel plate. A cold coil is installed close to the inner wall to reduce the temperature of the centrifuge chamber. A thermal insulation layer is arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall of the centrifuge, and the thermal insulation layer is provided with thermal insulation materials such as rigid foam plastic or sponge.


3. Rotor: There are 3 different types of rotors, one is the aluminum small angle rotor used on the high-speed transmission, and the speed of the rotor can reach 20000r/min. But the tachometer can only display 5500r/min, not 20000r/min. If the main shaft of the motor is adjusted to 5500r/min, the speed of 20000r/min can be obtained on the high-speed transmission shaft, and the speed-up ratio is 20000/5500=3.64. From this ratio, the rotational speed can be calculated.


4. Refrigeration device: The device adopts vapor compression refrigeration, which is composed of compressors, condensers, expansion valves, evaporators and other components, and its function is to reduce the temperature of the centrifugal chamber of the high-speed refrigerated centrifuge.


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