Types of Centrifuge Machines And Refrigerated Centrifuge Principle

Working principle of Centrifuge

how centrifuge machine works? According to the sedimentation factor, mass, density, ect. of each group, it will separate the liquid and solid particles or one kind of liquid and the other kind of liquid in the sample mixture by centrifugal force.


A centrifuge machine usually has a high-speed rotating cylinder, called a bowl, about its own axis, usually driven by an electric motor. After the suspension (or emulsion) is added to the drum, it is rapidly driven to rotate at the same speed as the drum, and the components are separated and discharged separately under the action of centrifugal force. In general, the higher the drum speed, the better the separation effect.



Types of Centrifuge Machines

The centrifuge machine is the common separation instrument in the laboratory, which can be classified into low-speed centrifuge, high-speed centrifuge, ultra-speed centrifuge, etc. according to the speed.


  • Normal speed centrifuge: Rotating speed is less than 3500r/min.

  • High-speed centrifuge: Rotating speed is between 3500 r/min ~ 50000 r/min.

  • Ultra-speed centrifuge: Rotating speed is greater than 50000 r/min.


According to temperature, it can be divided into refrigerated centrifuge and normal temperature centrifuge;


According to the capacity, it can be divided into micro-capacity centrifuge, large-capacity capacity centrifuge and ultra-large capacity centrifuge;


According to its appearance, it can be divided into tabletop centrifuges and floor-type centrifuges.


Guidelines for How to Use Centrifuge Machine

Safety is the first consideration when considering how to operate centrifuge machines, uncontrollable centrifugal force can cause great damage. Therefore, pay attention to whether the centrifuge machine tube is balanced, whether the rotating speed exceeds the setting, whether the rotor is corroded, etc. The centrifuge machine seems to be simple to use and requires no technology, but the correct use and maintenance are still necessary. Once a failure occurs, it will cause delays in the experiment, which is a bad bargain.


  1. When the centrifuge machine is in the pre-cooling state, the lid of it must be closed. After centrifugation, the rotor should be placed upside down on the laboratory bench, and the remaining water in the cavity should be wiped off, in this process, the centrifuge machine lid is open.

  2. When the centrifuge machine is pre-cooled, the rotor cover can be placed on the platform of the centrifuge machine or placed on the laboratory bench, do not put the rotor cover lightly on the rotor without tightening, for once started by mistake, the head cover will fly out, and causing an accident.

  3. After the rotor cover is tightened, be sure to touch the rotor with your fingers and make sure that there is no gap between the rotor cover and the rotor. If there is, do not turn the centrifuge machine on until it is confirmed that there is no gap.

  4. When the centrifuge machine works, staff should stay in the room, once an emergency occurs, the operator cannot turn off the power, but press the STOP button. Before the pre-cooling, fill in the centrifuge machine usage records.

  5. Do not use fake or inferior centrifuge machine tubes, and do not use aging, deformed, or cracked centrifuge machine tubes.

  6. The last one who uses the centrifuge machine must undergo routine safety inspections before leaving on holidays and evenings.

  7. If there is a failure during the usage or the parts are damaged, please contact the centrifuge machine manufacturer in time.


Rules of the Centrifuge Machine Use

Electric centrifuge machines are commonly used in laboratories, which has high rotating speed. Be careful when operating, in particular, it is necessary to prevent the centrifuge machine from moving while working due to imbalance or aging of the test tube pad during the operation, which may cause it to fall from the laboratory bench. Or accidents occur as the lid is not covered, and the centrifuge machine tube is broken due to vibration, then, making the glass shards fly out. Therefore, when using the centrifuge machine, you must pay attention to the following centrifuge machine use rules.


  1. Cotton or test tube pads should be placed at the bottom of the centrifuge casing.

  2. If there is a noise the electric centrifuge machine made or it vibrates, cut off the power immediately, and troubleshoot it instantly.

  3. The centrifuge machine tube must be symmetrically placed in the casing to prevent vibration of the machine body. If there is only one sample tube, a tube with water of equal weight should be placed.

  4. When starting the centrifuge machine, the top cover of the centrifuge machine should be covered, then, make sure it starts slowly.

  5. After the separation, turn off the centrifuge machine firstly, after the centrifuge machine stops rotating, you can open the centrifuge machine cover and take out the sample. Remember, do not use external force to make it stop moving.

  6. The centrifugation time is generally 1 to 2 minutes, during the process, operators shall not leave, or do other things.


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